Introduction
Best Coreopsis Care and Uses tinctoria is distributed primarily in the Midwest, South, and Central Atlantic coastal states (Fig. 1). It was first introduced and cultivated as an ornamental plant in many countries of the world. In China, C. tinctoria is an ornamental plant native to North America and is now commonly cultivated throughout China. It is commonly cultivated as a landscape plant and commercial plant, much like ornamental favorites such as Pink Princess Philodendron or Red Japanese Maple.”
Botanical description and distribution
Botany and traditional uses
Best Coreopsis Care and Uses tinctoria (Fig. 2), commonly known as “Calliopsis” distributed throughout the Great Plains of the United States and its southern states, is a showy, fragrant, annual herb and was first described in 1823. Described by Thomas Nuttall. Coreopsis tinctoria grows to (10-)30-70 (-150) cm in height, and has an erect stem and upper branches. Its leaves are proximally bladed, usually 1(-3)-pinnate, the terminal lobes ovate-lanceolate to oblanceolate, and about 10–60 mm long and 5–25 mm wide. are Its peduncles are 1-15 cm long.
The calycular bracts of C. tinctoria appear to be deltate-lanceolate with a diameter of 1–3 mm. Its phyllaries are ovate-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, and 4-9 mm long. Ray limbs often yellow with reddish brown spots, sometimes reddish brown in proximal 1/3–9/10 and yellow distally, rarely all yellow, and 12–18+ mm long. are It has disc corolla 2.5–3+ mm long. Its anthers are about 1.5–4 mm long and the wing is absent or 0.1–0.7 mm wide.
Its pappus is absent, or has 1 or 2 cusps or subscales 0.1–1 mm. Its typically bicolored ligules (reddish brown at the base, yellow at the tip) form distinctive color patterns when the population blooms, offering color variations similar to Purple Flowering Plant (Smith and Parker, 1971). C. tinctoria flowers from May to September, while fruiting from August to October (Botany of China)
Conventional Use
Coreopsis tinctoria has a long history of traditional use and has been applied in many countries or regions (Table 1). Best Coreopsis Care and Uses tinctoria was first used as a traditional medicine by Native American Indian tribes, the Navajo people of northwestern New Mexico, northeastern Arizona, and southeastern Utah used the whole herb for ceremonial chant lotions.
Cold infusion of dried plant with salt for “electrical infection.” , and the whole herb of the plant is also used as a poultice for venereal infection (Vestal, 1952). The Zuni tribe, living on the border between Midwest New Mexico and Arizona, used the aerial parts of C. tinctoria as a reproductive medicine. If Zuni women wanted to conceive, they would drink an infusion of the plant, minus the roots (Stevenson, 1915; Moerman, 1998).
The Navajo used the root of C. tinctoria as a remedy, while the Cherokee, who lived in eastern Tennessee and western North and South Carolina, used it as an antidiarrheal. The Cherokee believed the root to be a “medicine of life,” a tea made from the roots was emetic and was also used to treat diarrhea (Hamel et al., 1975; Vestal, 1952; Moerman, 1998). The caputula of C. Zuni and Apache. In addition, the Cherokee and Lakota used it as a tea for drinking (Hamel et al., 1975; Stevenson, 1915; Reagan, 1929; Rogers, 1980; Munson, 1981)
Ethnomedical indications of Coreopsis tinctoria Nut.
Country Plant Parts Local Name/Common Name Traditional Use Reference
America’s Whole Herb Golden Tick Seed, Annual Coreopsis, Calliopsis, Garden Tick Seed, Painted Tick Seed, Plains Coreopsis, Plain Coreopsis. Plant used in ritual chant lotion; ‘Cold infusion of dried plant with salt for electric infection; The plant is used as a fumigant for sexually transmitted infections. Navajo use for ceremonial medicine and antiseptic vestal (1952)
Aerial parts such as zoni above are used for reproductive medicine. An infusion of the whole plant except the root is taken by women desiring to have children. (Stevenson 1915; Moorman 1998). As above antidiarrheal root; The root is used as a ‘life medicine’; A tea made from the roots is emetic and is also used to treat diarrhoea.
Cherokee used for infusion of root taken for flow. used by the Navajo for healing (Hamel et al., 1975; Vestal 1952; Moerman 1998).Captula as above is used for Cherokee, Zuni and Apache dyeing. Cherokee and Lakota used for beverage (Hamel et al., 1975; Stevenson 1915; Reagan 1929; Rogers 1980; Munson 1981).
China Whole Herb Shimojo; Lijikao; Liangsijinjiju; Kongkau; Bosejo clears heat toxins and eliminates dampness. For acute and chronic dysentery; Red eye swelling and pain., external use to treat carbuncle and inflammatory toxins. (Editorial Committee of Zhonghua Bencao; National Administration of Traditional Chinese Herbs, 1999; Chinese Herbal Medicine Company, 1994; Jiangsu Institute of Botany, 1990; Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1986)Capitula Xueju; Conlonxiojo; Galkai; Ice chrysanthemum clearing heat and detoxification.
Promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis; and strengthens the stomach and spleen., used for heat and thirst; high blood pressure; throbbing stomach discomfort; loss of appetite; Dysentery and wound swelling poison. Make tea to drink Leo etc. (2009)Portugal Capitula Estrelasdo-Egipto Two cups per day C., tincture of flowering tops infusion is traditionally used to reduce hyperglycemia in diabetics. Drink it in hot water and drink it as a tea D’Oliveira (1973)
2.1 Botanical description and distribution
Coreopsis tinctoria (Fig. 2), commonly known as “Calliopsis” distributed throughout the Great Plains of the United States and its southern states, is a showy, fragrant, annual herb and was first described in 1823. Described by Thomas Nuttall. Coreopsis tinctoria grows to (10-)30-70 (-150) cm in height, and has an erect stem and upper branches.
Its leaves are proximally bladed, usually 1(-3)-pinnate, the terminal lobes ovate-lanceolate to oblanceolate, and about 10–60 mm long and 5–25 mm wide. . are Its peduncles are 1-15 cm long.
The calycular bracts of C. tinctoria appear to be deltate-lanceolate with a diameter of 1–3 mm. Its phyllaries are ovate-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, and 4-9 mm long. Ray limbs often yellow with reddish brown spots, sometimes reddish brown in proximal 1/3–9/10 and yellow distally, rarely all yellow, and 12–18+ mm long. are It has disc corolla 2.5–3+ mm long.
Its anthers are about 1.5–4 mm long and the wing is absent or 0.1–0.7 mm wide. Its pappus is absent, or has 1 or 2 cusps or subscales 0.1–1 mm. Its typically bicolored ligules (reddish brown at the base, yellow at the tip) form distinctive color patterns when the population blooms (Smith and Parker, 1971). C. tinctoria flowers from May to September, while fruiting from August to October (Botany of China,
Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Coreopsis tinctoria nut.
5 Toxicological studies
As a plant widely used in traditional medicines and novel beverages, the safety of C. tinctoria is important to understand. In the country of this plant’s origin, Coreopsis is listed as a non-toxic plant in the United States with results showing that Coreopsis tinctoria extract does not cause any measurable genotoxicity (Aierken et al., 2018). .
(2016) studied the toxicity of Snow chrysanthemum extracts extracted with different polar solvents, including water extract by spray drying (SD), water extract by vacuum drying (VD) process, Contains Ethanol Extract (ETE), Ethyl Acetate Extracted Component (AC). , and ethyl acetate extracted residue (AR). The maximum dose of SD and AR is 36 g/kg, maximum tolerance (MTD) of VD is 26 g/kg, ETE and AC are 19.565 g/kg and 16.414 g/kg respectively.
The results showed that ETE and AC would cause death when the MTD was exceeded, suggesting that Snow Chrysanthemum extract might contain potentially low-polarity toxins (Wang et al., 2016).
Summary
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. (Family Asteraceae) is an important traditional medicine in North America, Europe and Asia with a long historical period, which has received much attention due to its beneficial health activities, including antiseptic, treatment of sexually transmitted infections, diarrhoea. , including acute and chronic dysentery. Red eye swelling along with pain, heat, thirst, high blood pressure, palpitations, stomach upset, and loss of appetite
